Recombinant protein production holds significant importance across diverse fields including medicine, agriscience, and industrial processing. It requires efficient expression systems for advancing proteins from discovery to clinical
applications. Lately, protein expression systems have expanded to include diverse organisms like bacteria, yeast, insects, and mammalian cells. Each of these systems have unique advantages and challenges. Thus, the selection of a suitable expression system is based on factors like protein complexity, post-translational modifications (PTMs), scalability, and cost-effectiveness.